What does the arc welding gun or torch primarily do?

The arc welding gun or torch is primarily designed to transfer current to a fixed welding electrode, which is crucial for creating the welding arc necessary for joining materials. This process involves establishing a high-temperature arc between the electrode and the workpieces, which melts the materials and allows them to fuse together upon cooling. The design of the welding gun facilitates efficient delivery of electric current while also providing protection from spatter and shielding the weld area from contamination.

While aligning workpieces, measuring temperature, or cooling weld material may be important aspects in the welding process, they are not the primary functions of the arc welding gun or torch. Its main role is to initiate and maintain the welding arc, which is essential for the welding operation to take place effectively.