What does arc force refer to in welding?

Arc force refers to the axial force created by the arc plasma during the welding process. This phenomenon occurs when the welding arc generates heat that causes the ionized gas (plasma) to expand and create a dynamic region of high pressure. As the molten metal is deposited, this high-energy plasma exerts a force that can push and manipulate the weld pool, helping to stabilize the arc and influence the shape and penetration of the weld.

This axial force is particularly significant in processes like submerged arc welding or certain types of stick welding where the arc length and characteristics can affect the stability and control of the weld. Understanding arc force is essential for welders to achieve better control over the welding operations and produce strong, consistent welds.

The other options reflect concepts that could be related to the welding process but do not accurately define arc force. The push of the welding current on the workpiece pertains more to electrical principles rather than the specific mechanical force produced by the arc. The concept of total electrical resistance focuses on circuit dynamics, not the forces generated during welding. Lastly, while the grip on the electrode is important for operational control, it does not relate to the definition of arc force itself.